MEDIA ISSUES: Female representation

Women and their bodies have been at the cruxe of the sales and media industry for decades now, but why is this? Why do industries such as advertising and media utilise these images?

It has been an issue that has consumed us all now for many, many years. When growing up, we are exposed to so many images of how women should look and act, television shows about models being the next face of a brand, talent shows turning young singers into sex icons, and most of all the array of print media that tell us ladies can have everything if they just lose the last 5kg.

 

There has been debate among academics as to why this is, and has ultimately been put down to one factor; Economic. Presenting an ideal that is difficult to achieve and maintain, these images and ideas allow for the cosmetic and diet industries to achieve continual growth and profits. "Marketers know that girls and women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beuty products, new clothes and diet aids".

 

 

 

Images such as the ones above sell for both men, and women. The messages presented by these images in the media are powerful and wide-spread, The effects of expoure to these images over a long period of time has been proved to cause depression, lack of self-esteem, and eating disorders in young women.

 

" These messages are so powerful and widespread in our culture that they affect girls long before they are exposed to fashion or beauty ads or magazines: three-year-olds already prefer game pieces that depict thin people over those representing heavier ones, while by age seven girls are able to identify something they would like to change about their appearance. These attitudes only get more powerful as girls get older. In one survey nearly half of nine- to twelve-year-old girls said they wanted to be thinner and had either been on a diet or were aware of the concept of dieting.  "

 This is an issue which has been discussed over and over in the media, and although it has become slightly better, the notion of the female being perfected is still a large problem in mainstream media. 



Sourced: Media Smarts

WEB DESIGN

Okay, you've got ideas coming out of every brain cell relating to that website you want to create. However, before you design your website there are ten things to consider so you can achieve the best possible result;

 

1. Partial Page View

When someone is reading a document online, often the view will be restricted to a 'partial page view', meaning that instead of seeing the document or text in its entirity, they will only be able to see part of it. To avoid this or minimise the effect, it is important to have zooming in our out bottons so the viewer can decide on the size of the document and the amount of scrolling that will come with it.

2. Multi-Column Layouts

When you have a lot of information, a publication would usually favour a multi-column layout. However, it is important to avoid this on a website as the audience will often read the first column (scroll down whilst reading), before scrolling back to the top of the page for the next column, and so on. This amkes glancing back to previous information almost impossible and infruiating for the reader.

3. Reducing Line Length

A website should avoid filling the screen with text. A plain layout with white space on either side of the page, and between lines makes it easier for the reader to conentrate and read the text.

4. Line Spacing

Often, line-spacing is pre-determined by the website settings. Having wider space between the lines of text will make it much easier for your audience to read. Correct line-spacing is determined on the font, size of font and the line length.

5. New Paragraphs

As seen in the above image, indent spacing on the web doesn't really work. As well as an indent may be used in print publishing, having space between paragraphs makes it much easier to understand and follow.

6. Headings and Sub Headings

Using headings and sub headings on your website will divide the documents into managable and understandable sections of text. Sub headings act as a visual aid to advise the reader where they are and what they are about to read. Headings and sub headings also allow a reader to scan the text and pre-emt what they are about to read, and if they would like to take the time to do so. 

7. Typeography

On your website, type-face and size should determine the importance of information on the page through headings and subheadings. It is important to avoid very thin type-fonts as these can be hard to read online or if the reader decides to print it off. TrueType fonts in particular are an excellent choice to use as they have been optimised for onscreen use.

8. Colour

Colours should be used with restraint on a website as it makes it easier to read and follow. Often, the best way to highlight something would be to make part of the text larger or bolder, yet still in black. If you do want to use colour, it will be more effective to choose one or two colours and then use different shades of the same to highlight important parts. Using lighter and darker shades of the same colour will tie your website together and make it look cohesive. Backgrounds should be white or a simple light colour and avoid any effects, as this is easiest for the audience to read.

9. Lists

Using lists help to organise or sequence information. It is important to keep lists short and consider only using key words.

 
 

10. Display Size

Finally, it is important to be wary of display sizes. If you know that people accessing your site will mostly be using a laptop rather than monitor, use a smaller display size. In today's day and age, it could also be worth considering to have a smart phone version of your website.

Parker R.C, 2003, 'Designing documents for web distribution', in Parker R.C's (ed.), Looking good in print, 5th edition, Paraglyph Press, Arizona, USA, pp. 265-293.

Blog design done well

If you are in the blogging-business, I am sure you already know there are a ridiculous amount of good blogs out there. Here are just two examples however, demonstrating good design, a clear layout and a blog that is easy to understand and navigate.

1. XXIV Magazine online blog

This blog is an online magazine publication that covers music, fashion, culture, TV, film and gaming. Its layout is extremely effective as it has featured posts up the top of the page on a rotation slide show, before scrolling down to find thumbnails a featured image and by-line, describing what the article is about.

The blog uses design principles such as white space, consistancy (in font and style), balance and proportion (between the featured posts and the other posts), graphics to catch readers attention and sequence, as posts are in order by date and graphics on the page with a larger size have an initial impact. The tabs at the top of the page allows the audience to easily find what articles will interest them and makes the site more efficient to use.The overall design is simple yet effective, and works suits the magazine context of the blog perfectly.

2. PONYHUNTER : fashion blog

As you may have guessed from my previous selection, fashion blogs are kind of my thing. Not only do I think the content of the blogs are great, but I love the way that individuals who are interested in fashion, often back this up with a blog that holds beautiful aesthetics. They just get it, you know? In saying this, my second example of a well-designed blog is PONY HUNTER (PH). This blog holds true to the traditional type of blog, being a trail of posts that you can scroll through down the page. This blog in particular has utilised large images as the basis of the post, followed up by text usually at the bottom of the post. In a sense, it is a much more visually stimulating way of blogging, and PH does this well. At the side of the blog, there are tabs which link to other sites or applications relating to the blog, making it easy to navigate or follow if you would like too.

The blog has a simple design which uses white space to allow for a focus on the posts, consistancy (in font and style), graphics to catch readers attention and sequence, as posts are in order by date, similar to the XXIV Magazine blog. 

 

MEDIA ISSUES: Political correctness, gone mad?

Political correctness (PC) was originally the term that objected against any statment or idea that was against or allienated politically, socially or economically disadvantaged or minority groups. However, in todays day and ages where Santa can no longer say 'Ho, Ho, Ho' and golliwog dolls are racist, has it simply been taken too far?

I'm sure we would all agree that a comment aiming to degrade someone's gender, sexual orientation, weight, culture or race isn't very nice, but the terms racist, sexist and bigot are also offensive in their own right. Today these terms are thrown around by the media so much, it acts as if people do not really know what their original meanings are. Often these 'labels' are thrown onto public figure heads, simply based on an out of context comment, image or bad dad joke not intended to cause anyone any harm.

With this in mind, I throw the question to you: has political correctness gone too far? While the original intent of PC is great, the effect of the movement on society is causing people to avoid talking about important issues all together. Topics such as migration, assylum seekers and sexual orientation are just some of the conversations which are being avoided and in turn, making them hard to face when the occasion arises.

I'm sure you have come across a situation where you wanted to ask someone where they are from (due to an accent or skin colour) but can't because it might be 'offensive', a person with gay orientation that feels like they cannot express themselves how they would like to, or something you have said was taken completely out of context.

Overall, the biggest issue to come out of modern societies obsession with PC is how we are supposed to live and work together comfortably and without judgement. Talking about these things in the media and life in general allows us to help overcome ignoriance about these issues. If we can't talk about our feelings, fears, assumptions, differences or aspirations because we will be labelled racist, sexist or a bigot, how will we be able to progress as an individual or as a society?

Sourced: Listverse

MEDIA ISSUES: Self-publishing

In today's age where publishing is no longer a lengthy process involving copious amounts of people, time and money, self-publishing has become the way of modern times.

For the editorial freelancer, self-publishing can potentially be a lucrative market, as the line between copy-editing and final polishing has become fuzzy. Before even reaching the stage of publishing, the text or document needs to be looked at and proof-read in order to make sure it is ready to be sent on to the editing and eventually, final publishing stages.

Many first-time authors tend to know little to nothing about the traditional editorial process, with the 'proofreader' often being forgotten about. In turn, this is making for a new wave of editorial freelancers becoming frustrated with the way they are becoming expected to simply "sort everything out". "Getting a manuscript into a publishable state, however, requires a lot more than proofreading", and can leave these first-time authors vunerable of wasting money on "a freelancing skill set that is inappropriate for their stage in the process" and "the hard graft they’ve put into creating their book will be worthless because it’s still not fit for market".

Lack of know how about the traditional publishing process is therefore raising a new generation of authors hoping that their mauscript will do well, without going through the appropiate channels to achieve this status. Proofreader Louise Harnby says that if you are wanting to be an author, it is important that you do your research in this area before jumping into anything that may waste your time and/or money. She has provided a free guideline for new authors to follow, and can be found here.


Sourced: Monoprapher: Publishing and the creative economy

Document design: the essentials

Word documents, power-points, websites and blogs, all begin with a blank page. It can be daunting at first; how are you going to design the document to look appealing, yet effectively convey your message? 

Don't worry, there is no need to fret! By following these six basic design principles, your document will soon be looking like it has been designed by the creatives at Vogue. 

1. Balance: the visual weight of something on a page
2. Proportion: size and place of text, graphics and elements on a page
3. Sequence: effective design will make use of sequence principles
   - readers start at the top left, ending at the bottom right
   - readers notice things with most visual weight first      
4. Consistency: presenting similar features in a similar style
5. White Space: areas on the page that have no text or graphics, helping readers to process the text efficiently, with ease.
6. Graphics: utilised well, aid the reader's understanding of the document or text

This is one example of the following principles being used well.

What was your eye drawn to first? The picture, then the title of the article? That's what I thought. 

The image at the top of the page uses the principle of balance, as the visual weight of the page draws our eye to the image, and then the text. Proportion between the size and placement of the graphic is 50/50 on the page, thus demonstrating the sequence principle. 

Sequence is also demonstrated through the following: 

• The picture of three men wearing gold
• The title 'the men in gold'
• Story content 

Our eye jumps from the picture, to the top left of the text, before finally reading the story about the elusive 'men in gold' and ending at the bottom right corner of the page.

The graphic alludes to the article's contents, making it is a prime example of a graphic used to aid the reader's understanding. Consistency is established through the use of a single font and a consistent layout, whilst white space has been used in the margins, providing a frame for the text to make it look clean yet interesting. 

Now, you're probably thinking "oh wow, they make sense! That document looks great!", and you're right. If you too want a document to look this damn good, just follow the principles and you'll be on your way to document design greatness. 

Reep D.C, 2006, 'Document Design', in Reep D.C's (ed.), Technical Writing, 6th edition, Pearson/Longman publishing, New York, pp. 133 - 172.

Want to write?

Are you a budding writer? If you answered yes, then you have found yourself in the right place.

Writing to communicate is easy enough, but it is in the small details we often find ourselves confused, or lacking know-how. By following our simple tips and tricks, you will soon be able to write with confidence and find those second-guessing-yourself moments disappear.

The way we write is different to how we speak, and it allows us to think about how we decide to convey ourselves and our emotions. Putnis and Petelin present a number of reasons as to why we decide to 'put pen to paper' which include: expressing ourselves, articulating or developing ideas, aiding memory, enhancing or maintaining relationships, stimulate, persuade, share, and ultimately communicate with each-other. 

We can write academically or professionally, we can write creatively or we can write to communicate a thought, event or moment in time. In turn, each circumstance dictates the way we write - whether it be formal, conversational or slang.

Writing in an academic or professional context:

Before writing in this context, there are three main things that you will need to consider:

1. Sensitivity to your purpose, your readers and your context
2. Understanding of English sentence structure and common formats in academic/professional writing
3. Ability to research, structure and sequence your information

If you stick to these three tips, your academic or professional writing will be second to none. Sensitivity to purpose, readers and context simply means you will need to identify why you are writing, who will be reading it, and what format it will be received in. The second tip can be learnt over-time, but simply explained on websites such as Academia Writers , and blogs such as Business Writing Advice for Professionals. Finally, the ability to research, structure and sequence your writing, assures your document will be legitimate, legible and understandable.

How to improve your writing:

So now you've read the tips, and are probably thinking 'how can I improve my writing?', don't worry - we've got that covered too. It has been noted that in order to learn writing skills you can:

1. Read more frequently and extensively, to improve writing composition skills
2. Plan your writing
3. Write frequently and receive feedback from peers

Reading more books, newspapers or articles across different genres will develop your 'eye' for good writing, and establish your skills without you even knowing. Pretty cool, aye?
Planning your writing is an essential stage, as it weeds out the relevant information, eliminates waffle and helps the writer recognise the repetitive nature of writing without sounding plain boring. Lastly, writing frequently is fairly obvious - but necessary! If you don't take the time to write and improve your self, how are you going to get better? Getting feedback from peers is a good way to see how you've improved, and if your writing relates to others. 

So there you have it, the tips and tricks to consider before your start writing. Now - go and grab your pen, paper, tablet or laptop, and get writing!

 

Putnis P & Petelin R, 1996, 'Writing to Communicate', in Putnis P & Petelin R's (eds.), Professional Communication: principles and applications, Prentice Hall, Sydney, Australia, pp. 223 - 263.

Technology, how did we live without it?

Today, technology plays a large part in all of our lives. If you do not identify with at-least one (or if you're like me, all) of the following circumstances, you are probably still living in the early 2000's. 

Instead of waking up early to grab the morning newspaper from the drive-way, you head to the breakfast table and switch on your I-Pad. By the time you've finished your coffee and muesli, you've checked facebook, told twitter you're #eatingbreakfast and flicked through a dozen news websites telling you there was an overnight storm in Mexico, Syria is still in conflict and Mikayla was voted off Big Brother (yeah, you don't watch it - but you find out anyway). 

 

Before heading out the door, you don't worry too much about where you are going because you can look it up on your smart phone, GPS or just ask Siri. What is a directory again? Oh yeah, that chunky book thing that sits under the passenger seat.
 

You arrive at your lunch destination, and they offer you a menu. 'Uh, no thanks' you say, before telling your friend you 'looked it up online'. Who needs a menu when you can pre-emt what you feel like eating whilst looking at their online menu from home? 


You're just about to leave lunch, and realise you don't have any cash on you. No need to worry! You've got a smart-phone app for that. $20 transferred from your savings to your debit card in one easy click and you're set.

 

Oh no! It's already 2pm, and you haven't studied like you said you would. 'Sigh', you better go and find some books ...online books that is. Why would you go to the library when you can open your laptop and find the book you're after, simply by typing in a few words to the internet?

 

After an afternoon of studying, you remember you need to purchase a dress for that party on the weekend. 30 minutes later, you've bought a dress (and shoes, and a top) from your new favourite online shopping destination, which will arrive on your doorstep in 3-5 days. 

Now, you may have seen your friends at lunch, but you better find out what they're up to. They don't know that you just bought a dress, so you have to tell them. 

Phew, that was important. Imagine if they didn't know you bought a dress! If you told them the next day, that would be old news - right? 

After a dinner of 'easy and quick quiche' made from a recipe you Google searched an hour prior, you're feeling content and full. Before bed, you check your emails and social networking platforms (even though you have been checking facebook every hour throughout the day, posting photos of your every meal on Instagram, and hash tagging #whatyou'reupto every 7.9 minutes on twitter), before texting your boyfriend 'Goodnight'.

What a busy day. Imagine how your day would be without any of these technologies. Would you survive?

MEDIA ISSUES: Bias in the media

Issues surrounding 'free press' and unbiased media in Australia has particularly come to light in the last few months during and post the 2013 election. During the election, the Herlad Sun and the Telegraph were accused of publishing favouring news about Tony Abbott as fact rather than opinion. Since then, the government of today is posing to introduce new laws that will restrict certain people producing private media as the "may use their communications capabilities to oppose government policy".

This debate has therefore pushed Australian media to pose the opinion they want to be "free from influence and editorially independent of their owners", ultimately hoping for "free press"; however, they also "seem comfortable exempting these same principles from the owners of media businesses". The most ironic thing about this issue is that there are wide-spread inconsistancies between editorially independent journalists and privately owned media.

Overall, this issue sparks many different opinions and debates about the topic, as it effects every one of us, with some being less educated about media bias than others. Could this be said to be a direct correlation with media-opinion influencing the Australian public as people from lower socio-economic areas do not have the same access and background knowledge regarding the types of media-restricitions than perhaps those of a higher socio-economic class?


Sourced: ABC The Drum